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Objects To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of brucellosis in recent years in Gansu province,in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of this disease.Methods Data of brucellosis cases from 2005 to 2010 in Gansu province were reviewed and retrospectively analyzed; the data included the outbreaks in different times,locations,groups,source of infection,and clinical manifestations.Results There were 8 brucellosis outbreaks among humans and animals in the nine administrative villages,seven townships (towns),six counties (districts) of the whole province in 5 years,a total of 66 of confirmed new cases.The source of infection was mainly the sheep (Small Tailed Han sheep and Cashmere goat),followed by dairy cow.The outbreak time was mainly in the May to August.Occupation distribution:of all the patients found in the past 6 years,farmers were 59 cases,accounting for 89.39％ (59/66); students 4 cases,accounting for 6.06％ (4/66);and herdsman 3 cases,accounting for 4.54％(3/66).Conclusions Brucellosis outbreaks increase significantly in recent years,and the epidemic situation is not optimistic.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of up-converting phosphor technology(UPT) in detection of plague antigen-antibody by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) method,and to provide a scientific basis for field application of UPT rapid detection technology in plague prevention and control.Methods Two hundred and twenty four serum samples were collected from Marmots and ground squirrels in the plague foci,Yersinia pestis antibody was detected by UPT,ELISA,Colloidal-gold Strips and IHA,respectively; 108 organs and bone marrow samples were collected,and Yersinia pestis antigens were detected by UPT,ELISA,PCR and RIHA,respectively.IHA was used as the gold standard for antibody test results,RIHA,PCR + Colloidal-gold Strips,PCR + ELISA were used as the gold standard for antigen test results.The results were evaluated using ROC method.Results Antibodies detection:the AUCs of UPT,ELISA and Colloidal-gold Strips were greater than 0.5.The difference between UPT and other methods was not statistically significant (z =1.204,P ＞ 0.05).Antigen detection:the AUCs of UPT,ELISA,Colloidal-gold Strips and PCR were greater than 0.5.There was no statistical difference between UPT and other methods(z =0.866,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions UPT as a new technology works well in the detection of plague antigen-antibody.The technology is simple,fast,accurate,and suitable for on-site monitoring of plague,emergency treatment of sudden plague,and suitable for promotion.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the platelet inhibition efficacy in patients under regular maintenance dose of clopidogrel by VerifyNow-P2Y12 assay and explore the clinical characteristics of clopidogrel non-responders and related predicting factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 99 patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention procedure and receiving clopidogrel in regular maintenance dose for at least 1 week were enrolled. Platelet reactivity, including baseline, P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU), and platelet inhibition rate were measured with VeifyNow-P2Y12 assay. The dosage of anti-platelet drugs, combination with any other drugs, clinical characters in baseline of all enrolled patients were analyzed. PRU ≤ 240 was used as cut-off to identify clopidogrel responder and clopidogrel non-responder. In the non-responder group, patients were further separated into 3 sub-groups (types) according to the baseline and platelet inhibition rate: type I with high baseline, high inhibition rate, representing false non-responder; type II with low inhibition rate, representing true non-responder and type III mixed type.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In this study, 48 of 99 patients were found to be clopidogrel non-responder (48.5%). The ratio of type I, type II and type III in the non-responder group was 9.1% (n = 9), 27.3% (n = 27), and 12.1% (n = 12), respectively. Baseline platelet value in female patients was significantly higher than in males (P < 0.01), number of females with high PRU also is higher than males (P < 0.01), female gender was a predict factor for type I non-responder (OR = 6.5, 95%CI 2.295 - 18.407, P < 0.01). BMI > 24 kg/m(2) was a risk factor for clopidogrel non-responder (P < 0.05), and may be regarded as a predict factor for type II non-responder (OR = 3.207, 95%CI 1.375 - 7.485, P < 0.01). Age, hypertension, diabetics, smoking, hyperlipidemia, CRP and pantoprazole use do not show significant correlation with baseline and platelet inhibition rate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Clopidogrel responses could be reliably detected by VerifyNow-P2Y12 assay. Female gender and high body weight are independent risk factors for clopidogrel non-responses.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Platelet Aggregation , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors , Pharmacology , Platelet Function Tests , Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 , Ticlopidine , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective Through analyzing the epidemic characteristics and laws of human brucellosis in Gansu province during the past two years,to provide the basis for control of the disease. Methods Using China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention V2.0 and survey data of human brucellosis outbreak,we calculated the incidence of brucellosis and the composition of new cases and chronic cases in 2009 and 2010, respectively, and analyzed the three distributions of the disease. Results Brucellosis incidence was 0.37 per million in 2009, and 1.7 per million in 2010. The new cases accounted for 54.6％(83/152) and 51.8％(43/83),and chronic cases were 53.3％ (81/152) and 56.6％ (47/83), respectively. About 1/3 of the counties (cities,districts) was found to be with the disease, and most cases were clustered in Hexi Corridor and Longdong area of Gansu province. There were three counties with outbreak. Time distribution of the disease was jagged. May, July,September and December were high, with September the highest. Sex ratio was 3 : 1, and mean age was 46 years old.67.7％ (159/235) of cases were farmers, followed by retired officers and herders, with a percentage of about 7％,respectively. Conclusions Epidemic of human brucellosis shows a rapidly rising trend in Gansu province. There are new patients throughout the year, and young farmers are the main victims. A high proportion of chronic brucellosis is more harmful. Strengthen the prevention and control of the disease to increase their brucellosis protective awareness.